I would like to
touch on an ancient art that is still very much in use today, our alphabet. Calligraphy is just making art out of
writing, but writing is an art already. There
are many theories, but Sumerian cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphics and demotic
script, Semitic Mesopotamian logograms all seem to point to the first actual
alphabet as being the Phoenician. An
alphabet being where a symbol is a sound only. Theirs was consonant only, the
Greeks added vowels.
Writing goes back
even beyond the Egyptians but for our purposes, I like to start with the
Etruscans who developed a pictograph method of writing simplified into letters.
The Greeks built on these and used them extensively. When the
Romans conquered most of the "known world" they added many of the
Greek letters to their own. Gaius Julius Hyginus wrote in Roman mythology
that Mercury (the god) invented the letters A B H T I Y from the flight of
cranes when they fly by. However it happened, those letters and K X and Z
were also adopted into the Roman Alphabet to form 21 letters of the 26 we still
use today. All of these were capitals and had a serif (foot). The Greek alphabet (from which we get the
word: alpha and beta), is boxy and square. The Roman alphabet is also
square but has some rounder elements added. To make it easier and more
visible when carved into buildings, there are thick and thin lines on each
letter. For instance the A has a thin left leg and a thick right leg.
Even the curved "tail" of the Q has a thick and thin element.
A form of
"short hand" was developed later by overworked scribes in the form of
lower case letters. It is interesting to note that the Romans didn't just
copy Greek art and literature; if they did it would be less excellent than the
original. What they did was to "marry" it into their already
established culture, to create something new, something excellent.
Perhaps you couldn't call Roman art and architecture superior to Greeks,
but it isn't inferior either. It is different.
I think it is interesting
that the Romans left us a working alphabet. The Greeks left us names for
frat houses.